Accessibility links
-------------------
* [Skip to main content](#content)
* [Skip to main Navigation](#navigation)
* [Skip to Search](#txtHeaderSearch)
Link has been copied to clipboard
MORE
[Subscribe](https://www.rferl.org/newsletters)
##### Follow Us
[](https://facebook.com/rferl "Follow us on Facebook")[](https://twitter.com/RFERL "Follow us on Twitter")[](https://www.youtube.com/user/rferlonline "Follow us on YouTube")[](https://www.instagram.com/rfe.rl/ "Follow us on Instagram")[](https://t.me/rferl "Follow us on Telegram")
[All RFE/RL sites](/navigation/allsites)
Search
[](/)
[All RFE/RL websites](/navigation/allsites "All RFE/RL websites")[](/s)
Search
[Previous](# "Previous") [Next](# "Next")
Breaking News
* [
](/a/europe-defense-summit-ukraine-crisis-trump/33337389.html "EU Leaders Set To Unveil €800 Billion Defense Plan As US Freezes Aid To Ukraine")
* [
#### EU Leaders Set To Unveil €800 Billion Defense Plan As US Freezes Aid To Ukraine
](/a/europe-defense-summit-ukraine-crisis-trump/33337389.html)
* [
#### Ukraine's Battlefield Adjusts To US Pause In Military Aid, Intelligence As EU Leaders Hold Summit
](/a/trump-zelenskyy-ukraine-war-intelligence-military-weapons-eu/33338256.html)
* [
#### Russia's War In Ukraine Fuels Wild Week Of Diplomacy
](/a/war-peace-aid-talks-trump-zelenskyy/33337379.html)
* [
](/a/ukraine-us-russia-aid/33337524.html "Who Spends More On Ukraine Aid: US Or EU? ")
[
#### Who Spends More On Ukraine Aid: US Or EU?
](/a/ukraine-us-russia-aid/33337524.html)
* [
](/a/trump-zelenskyy-putin-ukraine-war-baltics-military-aid/33337368.html "Baltic Countries Feel Aftershocks From US Suspension of Ukraine Military Aid ")
[
#### Baltic Countries Feel Aftershocks From US Suspension of Ukraine Military Aid
](/a/trump-zelenskyy-putin-ukraine-war-baltics-military-aid/33337368.html)
[Top Stories](/latest-news)
---------------------------
* [
#### Macron Suggests Extending French Nuclear Umbrella To European Allies
](/a/macron-russia-trump-ukraine-france-nuclear-europe/33337684.html)
* [
#### US Restricts Intelligence-Sharing With Ukraine
](/a/us-intelligence-sharing-ukraine-russia-trump-zelenskyy/33337479.html)
* [
#### Pakistan's Arrest Of Islamic State Operative Signals Renewed U.S. Cooperation
](/a/pakistan-afghanistan-islamic-state-khorasan/33337658.html)
* [
#### Ukraine Alleges 150,000 Possible Russian War Crimes. Here Are 5 Of The Worst
](/a/russia-ukraine-war-crimes/33336084.html)
[More](/latest-news)
[Beyond Our Borders](/z/23610)
------------------------------
Previous slide
Next slide
* [
](/a/nato-future-us-commitment-brussels-ukraine-pushback/33334657.html "Will The US Leave NATO? Officials Push Back Against Rising Doubts")
[
#### Will The US Leave NATO? Officials Push Back Against Rising Doubts
](/a/nato-future-us-commitment-brussels-ukraine-pushback/33334657.html)
* [
](/a/trump-gaza-hamas-israel-netanyahu-hostages-palestinian/33338030.html "US Confirms Direct Talks With Hamas As Trump Warns Group Of 'Hell To Pay'")
[
#### US Confirms Direct Talks With Hamas As Trump Warns Group Of 'Hell To Pay'
](/a/trump-gaza-hamas-israel-netanyahu-hostages-palestinian/33338030.html)
* [
](/a/erdogan-ocalan-turkey-pkk-syria-sdf-ypg/33332390.html "Kurdish PKK Militants Declare Cease-Fire To End 40-Year Conflict")
[
#### Kurdish PKK Militants Declare Cease-Fire To End 40-Year Conflict
](/a/erdogan-ocalan-turkey-pkk-syria-sdf-ypg/33332390.html)
* [
](/a/us-mexico-border-troops-trump-migration/33332838.html "Trump To Bolster Security At Mexican Border With 3,000 Additional Troops")
[
#### Trump To Bolster Security At Mexican Border With 3,000 Additional Troops
](/a/us-mexico-border-troops-trump-migration/33332838.html)
* [
](/a/china-eu-india-ukraine-tension-kissinger-nixon-xi-putin/33328544.html "China In Eurasia Briefing: Is There A New Opening In Europe For China?")
[
#### China In Eurasia Briefing: Is There A New Opening In Europe For China?
](/a/china-eu-india-ukraine-tension-kissinger-nixon-xi-putin/33328544.html)
* [
](/a/trump-english-language-spanish-clinton/33333167.html "Trump Signs Order Declaring English As Official Language Of The U.S.")
[
#### Trump Signs Order Declaring English As Official Language Of The U.S.
](/a/trump-english-language-spanish-clinton/33333167.html)
* [
](/a/33328458.html "U.S. To Sell 'Gold Card' Visas For $5 Million")
[
#### U.S. To Sell 'Gold Card' Visas For $5 Million
](/a/33328458.html)
* [
](/a/ocalan-pkk-kurd-turkey-war/33330729.html "Kurdish Rebel Leader Ocalan Calls On PKK To Lay Down Arms, Disband")
[
#### Kurdish Rebel Leader Ocalan Calls On PKK To Lay Down Arms, Disband
](/a/ocalan-pkk-kurd-turkey-war/33330729.html)
* [
](/a/uk-starmer-spending-trump-us-defense-nato/33327959.html "U.K.'s Starmer Announces Defense Spending Boost Ahead Of Trump Meeting ")
[#### U.K.'s Starmer Announces Defense Spending Boost Ahead Of Trump Meeting](/a/uk-starmer-spending-trump-us-defense-nato/33327959.html)Â
* [
](/a/33325069.html "German Election Results Match Poll Predictions, Handing Victory To CDU/CSUÂ ")
[#### German Election Results Match Poll Predictions, Handing Victory To CDU/CSU](/a/33325069.html)Â
* [
](/a/brown-hegseth-trump-pentagon-defense/33323867.html "Trump Fires Top U.S. General In Major Shakeup Of Pentagon Leadership")
[
#### Trump Fires Top U.S. General In Major Shakeup Of Pentagon Leadership
](/a/brown-hegseth-trump-pentagon-defense/33323867.html)
* [
](/a/trump-musk-doge-waste-cut-budget-spending-ukraine-afghanstan/33319962.html "Trump Praises Musk For Work Cutting Government Waste ")
[
#### Trump Praises Musk For Work Cutting Government Waste
](/a/trump-musk-doge-waste-cut-budget-spending-ukraine-afghanstan/33319962.html)
* [
](/a/gaza-israel-egypt-trump-palestinian/33318558.html "Egypt Developing Alternate Plan To Rebuild Gaza Without Forcing Out Population")
[
#### Egypt Developing Alternate Plan To Rebuild Gaza Without Forcing Out Population
](/a/gaza-israel-egypt-trump-palestinian/33318558.html)
* [
](/a/putin-trump-xi-reset-ukraine-nixon-kissinger-rapprochement/33322010.html "China 'Nervous' Over U.S.-Russia Reset, Despite Beijing's Public Support")
[
#### China 'Nervous' Over U.S.-Russia Reset, Despite Beijing's Public Support
](/a/putin-trump-xi-reset-ukraine-nixon-kissinger-rapprochement/33322010.html)
* [
](/a/rubio-trump-israel-hamas-gaza-palestinians/33317244.html "During Israel Visit, Rubio Says Hamas 'Must Be Eradicated' In Gaza")
[
#### During Israel Visit, Rubio Says Hamas 'Must Be Eradicated' In Gaza
](/a/rubio-trump-israel-hamas-gaza-palestinians/33317244.html)
* [
](/a/czech-murder-czechoslovakia-masaryk-cold-war/33306970.html " A Czech Cold War Cold Case Is Now A Murder Investigation")
[
#### A Czech Cold War Cold Case Is Now A Murder Investigation
](/a/czech-murder-czechoslovakia-masaryk-cold-war/33306970.html)
* [
](/a/international-criminal-court-icc-trump-afghanistan-israel/33306335.html "Trump Signs Order Imposing Sanctions On International Criminal Court")
[
#### Trump Signs Order Imposing Sanctions On International Criminal Court
](/a/international-criminal-court-icc-trump-afghanistan-israel/33306335.html)
[Don't Miss](/Insight)
----------------------
* [
](/a/ukraine-russia-crisis-crosshairs-live-briefing/31668477.html "Ukraine Live Briefing: Russian Strike Targets Zelenskyy's Hometown")
[
#### Ukraine Live Briefing: Russian Strike Targets Zelenskyy's Hometown
](/a/ukraine-russia-crisis-crosshairs-live-briefing/31668477.html)
* [
](/a/porn-star-afghanistan-visit-whitney-wright/33336351.html "American Porn Star Whitney Wright Sparks Fury With Trip To Afghanistan")
[
#### American Porn Star Whitney Wright Sparks Fury With Trip To Afghanistan
](/a/porn-star-afghanistan-visit-whitney-wright/33336351.html)
* [
](/a/russia-flight-dangers-sanctions-war-aviation/33323526.html "Russia Smuggling US Plane Parts As Sanctions Ground Airliners")
[
#### Russia Smuggling US Plane Parts As Sanctions Ground Airliners
](/a/russia-flight-dangers-sanctions-war-aviation/33323526.html)
* [
](/a/russia-missile-defense-experts-iran/33337289.html "Why Did Russian Weapons Experts Visit Iran?")
[
#### Why Did Russian Weapons Experts Visit Iran?
](/a/russia-missile-defense-experts-iran/33337289.html)
* [
](/a/ukraine-aid-pause-cost/33336181.html "Ukraine Aid Pause: By The Numbers")
[
#### Ukraine Aid Pause: By The Numbers
](/a/ukraine-aid-pause-cost/33336181.html)
* [
](/a/ukrainians-react-to-us-military-freeze/33336274.html "Ukrainians React to US Aid Freeze")
[
#### Ukrainians React to US Aid Freeze
](/a/ukrainians-react-to-us-military-freeze/33336274.html)
[More](/Insight)
[Visuals](https://www.rferl.org/Multimedia)
-------------------------------------------
Previous slide
Next slide
* [
](/a/iran-workweek-weekend/33338155.html "Iran's Workweek Just Got Shorter -- But at What Cost?")
[
#### Iran's Workweek Just Got Shorter -- But at What Cost?
](/a/iran-workweek-weekend/33338155.html)
* [
](/a/baltic-russia-ukraine-worry-us/33337564.html "Baltic Countries Worry About Russia After US Pauses Military Aid To Ukraine")
[
#### Baltic Countries Worry About Russia After US Pauses Military Aid To Ukraine
](/a/baltic-russia-ukraine-worry-us/33337564.html)
* [
](/a/russia-war-crimes-ukraine-evidence/33336314.html "3 Years In, Evidence Of Russian War Crimes Against Ukraine Mounts")
[
#### 3 Years In, Evidence Of Russian War Crimes Against Ukraine Mounts
](/a/russia-war-crimes-ukraine-evidence/33336314.html)
* [
](/a/ukraine-internet-communications-starlink-musk-satellite/33334972.html "Musk's Starlink System Is Indispensable To Ukrainians In Frontline Town")
[
#### Musk's Starlink System Is Indispensable To Ukrainians In Frontline Town
](/a/ukraine-internet-communications-starlink-musk-satellite/33334972.html)
* [
](/a/trump-address-congress-ukraine-zelenskyy/33336893.html "In Speech To Congress, Trump Says Zelenskyy Ready To 'Come To Negotiating Table'")
[
#### In Speech To Congress, Trump Says Zelenskyy Ready To 'Come To Negotiating Table'
](/a/trump-address-congress-ukraine-zelenskyy/33336893.html)
* [
](/a/ukrainian-soldiers-react-to-us-military-aid-freeze/33336368.html "What Ukrainian Soldiers Told RFE/RL After US Paused Military Aid")
[
#### What Ukrainian Soldiers Told RFE/RL After US Paused Military Aid
](/a/ukrainian-soldiers-react-to-us-military-aid-freeze/33336368.html)
* [
](/a/smoke-bomb-serbian-parliament-student-demonstrators-/33335717.html "Smoke Bomb Protest Hits Serbian Parliament")
[
#### Smoke Bomb Protest Hits Serbian Parliament
](/a/smoke-bomb-serbian-parliament-student-demonstrators-/33335717.html)
* [
](/a/ukraine-zelenskyy-trump-washington-meeting-reaction-vox-pop-rivna-odesa-dnipro-russia-war/33332713.html "Ukrainians Express Dismay Over Fractious White House Meeting Between Zelenskyy And Trump")
[
#### Ukrainians Express Dismay Over Fractious White House Meeting Between Zelenskyy And Trump
](/a/ukraine-zelenskyy-trump-washington-meeting-reaction-vox-pop-rivna-odesa-dnipro-russia-war/33332713.html)
* [
](/a/zelenskyy-cease-fire-russia-ukraine-war-/33334807.html "Why Did Zelenskyy Reject Calls For A Quick Cease-Fire In The Russia-Ukraine War?")
[
#### Why Did Zelenskyy Reject Calls For A Quick Cease-Fire In The Russia-Ukraine War?
](/a/zelenskyy-cease-fire-russia-ukraine-war-/33334807.html)
* [
](/a/london-ukraine-war-talks-starmer/33333539.html "London Ukraine Talks: What Are The Key Takeaways?")
[
#### London Ukraine Talks: What Are The Key Takeaways?
](/a/london-ukraine-war-talks-starmer/33333539.html)
* [
](/a/ukraine-u-s-combat-medic-killed-war-russia/33331577.html "Kyiv Service Held For U.S. Combat Medic Killed In Ukraine")
[
#### Kyiv Service Held For U.S. Combat Medic Killed In Ukraine
](/a/ukraine-u-s-combat-medic-killed-war-russia/33331577.html)
* [
](/a/ukraine-war-frontline-map/33327606.html "Russia’s Invasion Plan Vs. Reality: A Map Of Miscalculations")
[
#### Russia’s Invasion Plan Vs. Reality: A Map Of Miscalculations
](/a/ukraine-war-frontline-map/33327606.html)
* [
](/a/london-security-crisis-ukraine-russia-rearmament-bank-zelesnskyy-trump-weapons-funding/33333477.html "'We Need A Lot More Money -- Quickly': British Security Specialist Pitches Rearmament Bank")
[
#### 'We Need A Lot More Money -- Quickly': British Security Specialist Pitches Rearmament Bank
](/a/london-security-crisis-ukraine-russia-rearmament-bank-zelesnskyy-trump-weapons-funding/33333477.html)
* [
](/a/afghanistan-kandahar-hospital-hunger-children-malnutrition-us-aid-taliban-red-cross/33313756.html "Doctors Swamped With Malnourished Children At Afghan Hospital")
[
#### Doctors Swamped With Malnourished Children At Afghan Hospital
](/a/afghanistan-kandahar-hospital-hunger-children-malnutrition-us-aid-taliban-red-cross/33313756.html)
Most Popular Stories
--------------------
[1
#### American Porn Star Whitney Wright Sparks Fury With Trip To Afghanistan
](/a/porn-star-afghanistan-visit-whitney-wright/33336351.html)[2
#### Baltic Countries Feel Aftershocks From US Suspension of Ukraine Military Aid
](/a/trump-zelenskyy-putin-ukraine-war-baltics-military-aid/33337368.html)[3
#### European Leaders Look To Seize Opportunity After Trump Cites Zelenskyy Letter On Minerals Deal
](/a/trump-congress-ukraine-russia-war-tariffs-speech/33336730.html)[4
#### Who Spends More On Ukraine Aid: US Or EU?
](/a/ukraine-us-russia-aid/33337524.html)[5
#### Why Did Russian Weapons Experts Visit Iran?
](/a/russia-missile-defense-experts-iran/33337289.html)
Most Popular Visuals
--------------------
[1
#### Baltic Countries Worry About Russia After US Pauses Military Aid To Ukraine
](/a/baltic-russia-ukraine-worry-us/33337564.html)[2
#### 3 Years In, Evidence Of Russian War Crimes Against Ukraine Mounts
](/a/russia-war-crimes-ukraine-evidence/33336314.html)[3
#### In Speech To Congress, Trump Says Zelenskyy Ready To 'Come To Negotiating Table'
](/a/trump-address-congress-ukraine-zelenskyy/33336893.html)[4
#### Musk's Starlink System Is Indispensable To Ukrainians In Frontline Town
](/a/ukraine-internet-communications-starlink-musk-satellite/33334972.html)[5
#### What Ukrainian Soldiers Told RFE/RL After US Paused Military Aid
](/a/ukrainian-soldiers-react-to-us-military-aid-freeze/33336368.html)
[Sign Up For Our Newsletters](/newsletters)
-------------------------------------------
* [
](/a/china-russia-xi-putin-zelenskyy-trump-diplomacy/33334906.html "China Hunts For Opportunities In Europe And Taiwan After Ukraine Diplomacy Goes Awry")
[
#### China Hunts For Opportunities In Europe And Taiwan After Ukraine Diplomacy Goes Awry
](/a/china-russia-xi-putin-zelenskyy-trump-diplomacy/33334906.html)
[RFE/RL In Depth](/Investigations)
----------------------------------
* [
](/a/belarus-rapeseed-oil-ukraine-war-eu/33326485.html "Belarus Selling Rapeseed Oil Sourced From Occupied Ukraine To The EU, RFE/RL Finds")
[
#### Belarus Selling Rapeseed Oil Sourced From Occupied Ukraine To The EU, RFE/RL Finds
](/a/belarus-rapeseed-oil-ukraine-war-eu/33326485.html)
* [
](/a/russia-cuban-recruits-fighters-ukraine-mercenaries/33315782.html "As Cubans Flock To Russia's War, Is Havana Playing Dumb?
")
[
#### As Cubans Flock To Russia's War, Is Havana Playing Dumb?
](/a/russia-cuban-recruits-fighters-ukraine-mercenaries/33315782.html)
* [
](/a/china-critical-minerals-russia-weapons-ukraine-2024/33295674.html "China Supplying Key Chemicals For Russian Missiles, RFE/RL Investigation Finds")
[
#### China Supplying Key Chemicals For Russian Missiles, RFE/RL Investigation Finds
](/a/china-critical-minerals-russia-weapons-ukraine-2024/33295674.html)
[More](/Investigations)
XS
SM
MD
LG