[Skip to main content](#main-content)
[](/article/greenlands-independence-what-would-mean-us-interests)
[Arctic](/global-commons/arctic)
Marko Djurica/Reuters
[Arctic](/global-commons/arctic)
[
What Greenland’s Independence Would Mean
](/article/greenlands-independence-what-would-mean-us-interests )
The island’s residents have voted in favor of a party that seeks greater sovereignty from Denmark. But President Trump sees Greenland’s considerable mineral wealth and location in the Arctic as necessary for U.S. national security.
Article by [Diana Roy](/bio/diana-roy) and Jonathan Masters March 13, 2025
[Arctic](/global-commons/arctic)
[
What’s Cracking in the Arctic?
Podcast
](/podcasts/whats-cracking-arctic )
As rising global temperatures thaw the ice at the North Pole of the planet, competition between nuclear-powered states threatens to heat up the Arctic Circle even further. An increasingly minable Arctic, which contains vast natural resources, has piqued the economic interests of oil-hungry great powers, even as the warmer climate jeopardizes Indigenous tribes. Here’s how the Arctic could become the next frontier of great-power competition.
[Podcast](/podcasts) with [Gabrielle Sierra](https://www.cfr.org/bio/gabrielle-sierra), [Esther Brimmer](https://www.cfr.org/expert/esther-brimmer) and Jeff Randall March 29, 2023 [Why It Matters](/podcasts/why-it-matters)
[
Climate Change Will Fuel Contests—and Maybe Wars—for Land and Resources Link
](https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/climate-change-coming-age-territorial-expansion)
via Foreign Affairs March 4, 2025
[Syria](/middle-east-and-north-africa/syria)
[Syria](/middle-east-and-north-africa/syria)
[
Making Sense of Syria’s Surge in Violence
Moawia Atrash/Getty Images
](/expert-brief/syrias-surge-violence-does-not-signal-new-civil-war-now )
Attacks involving loyalists to former President Bashar al-Assad have spurred concerns of a return to sectarian warfare, but there is still a path for Syria’s new rulers to find stability.
Expert Brief by [Steven A. Cook](/expert/steven-cook) March 12, 2025
[Syria](/middle-east-and-north-africa/syria)
[
Will the Shake-Up in Syria Undermine the Fight Against ISIS?
](/expert-brief/will-shake-syria-undermine-fight-against-isis )
The United States appears intent on keeping its counterterrorism alliance with the Kurds in post-Assad Syria despite the strains it is causing with ally Turkey.
Expert Brief by [Henri J. Barkey](/experts/henri-j-barkey) January 9, 2025 [Middle East Program](/programs/middle-east-program)
[
America Can Best Help Syria by Getting Out Link
](https://www.foreignaffairs.com/syria/america-can-best-help-syria-getting-out)
with Robert S. Ford via Foreign Affairs March 5, 2025
[Ukraine](https://www.cfr.org/initiative/ukraine)
[Ukraine](/europe-and-eurasia/ukraine)
[
How Much U.S. Aid Goes to Ukraine?
](/article/how-much-us-aid-going-ukraine )
Ten charts illustrate the extraordinary level of support the United States has provided Ukraine in its war against Russian invaders.
Article by Jonathan Masters and [Will Merrow](/bio/will-merrow) March 11, 2025
[
Would a Peace Deal in Ukraine Last? Link
](https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ukraine/would-peace-deal-ukraine-last)
via Foreign Affairs March 12, 2025
[Foreign Policy](/foreign-policy)
[
Who Holds the Trump Cards in Ukraine?
](/article/who-holds-trump-cards-ukraine )
With strained relations between the United States and Ukraine, Kyiv faces a tough hand at the negotiation table, struggling to secure military and economic support as Washington, Brussels, and Moscow pursue their own strategic interests.
Article by [Michael Froman](/expert/michael-froman) March 7, 2025
[Iran](/middle-east-and-north-africa/iran)
[Iran](/middle-east-and-north-africa/iran)
[
The Prospects for U.S.-Iran Diplomacy
](/expert-brief/us-iran-nuclear-diplomacy-stirring-it-serious )
A strategically weakened Iran has sent signals it would be willing to discuss the militarization of its nuclear program with the United States, but any diplomatic breakthroughs are highly unlikely.
Expert Brief by [Ray Takeyh](/expert/ray-takeyh) March 11, 2025
[Iran](/middle-east-and-north-africa/iran)
[
What Are Iran’s Nuclear and Missile Capabilities?
](/article/what-are-irans-nuclear-and-missile-capabilities )
Iran’s nuclear program and missile arsenal have garnered increased international scrutiny amid its flaring conflict with Israel.
Article by Jonathan Masters and [Will Merrow](/bio/will-merrow) November 26, 2024
[Iran](/middle-east-and-north-africa/iran)
[
What Iran Wants Link
](http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/28/AR2008122801273.html)
with [Ray Takeyh](/expert/ray-takeyh) via Washington Post December 29, 2008
[Trade](/economics/trade)
[RealEcon](/programs/realecon)
[
Do Tariffs Hurt U.S. Steel Productivity?
](/blog/steel-productivity-has-plummeted-trumps-2018-tariffs )
Studies have shown that tariffs depress productivity in protected industries. U.S. steel is a case in point.
Post by [Benn Steil](/expert/benn-steil) and [Elisabeth Harding](/bio/elisabeth-harding) March 6, 2025 [Geo-Graphics](/blog/geo-graphics)
[RealEcon](/programs/realecon)
[
Tariff Strategies Don’t Cause Inflation, but Trade Wars Do
](/article/tariff-strategies-dont-cause-inflation-trade-wars-do )
The Trump administration has lauded tariffs as policy panacea, but rising uncertainty around global trade will make it all the more difficult to bring inflation under control.
Article by Dr. Christopher W. Smart January 21, 2025 [RealEcon](/programs/realecon)
[RealEcon](/programs/realecon)
[
Chips, Steel, and Lawnmowers: What Trade Is Strategic?
](/article/chips-steel-and-lawnmowers-what-trade-strategic )
President Trump, his advisors, and Congress have different ideas of what products and markets are strategic.
Article by [Jonathan E. Hillman](/expert/jonathan-e-hillman) February 26, 2025
[](https://www.cfr.org/trade-tariffs-and-trumponomics)
CFR experts provide timely analysis on the trade-offs and costs associated with U.S. President Donald Trump’s economic policies.
[Explore Our Content](https://www.cfr.org/trade-tariffs-and-trumponomics)
Events
[View All](/cfr-presents)
-----------------------------------
[
](/event/beijing30-global-status-women)
[United States](/americas/united-states)
[
Beijing+30: The Global Status of Women
Play
](/event/beijing30-global-status-women )
As member states convene for the 69th UN Commission on the Status of Women and commemorate the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, please join us for a dialogue on the impact of U.S. policy initiatives undertaken by the Gender Policy Council, the current global status of women and girls, and recommendations for priority actions to advance gender equality and women's leadership globally. **While remarks will be on the record, the discussion portion of the meeting is not for attribution.** This means that participants are free to make use of the information shared at the meeting but may not attribute any quotes or content to any speakers or participants. Use of personal recording devices and cameras is prohibited. CFR reserves the right to take or use photographs for its own use. This meeting is part of the Council on Foreign Relations Women and Foreign Policy Program Roundtable Series on Women’s Global Leadership. Please note there is no virtual component to the meeting. The audio, video, and transcript of the discussion portion of this event will be posted on the CFR website. **Members may bring a guest to this event.** Â
[Event](/event) with Susana Malcorra, Rachel B. Vogelstein and [Linda Robinson](https://www.cfr.org/expert/linda-robinson) March 13, 2025
[United States](/americas/united-states)
[
The History and Future of U.S. Foreign Aid
Play
](/event/history-and-future-us-foreign-aid )
Panelists discuss the history of U.S. foreign aid and examine its effectiveness in promoting global stability, fostering economic development, and projecting U.S. soft power worldwide, as well as potential approaches for restructuring the system moving forward. \*\*This is a virtual meeting through Zoom. Log-in information and instructions on how to participate during the question and answer portion will be provided the evening before the event to those who register. Please note the audio, video, and transcript of this virtual meeting will be posted on the CFR website. This meeting is presented by RealEcon: Reimagining American Economic Leadership, a CFR initiative of the Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies.
Virtual Event with Gayle E. Smith, Samuel A. Worthington, Ted Yoho and Margaret E. Talev March 13, 2025
[United States](/americas/united-states)
[
CEO Speaker Series With Dario Amodei of Anthropic
Play
](/event/ceo-speaker-series-dario-amodei-anthropic )
Anthropic Chief Executive Officer and Cofounder Dario Amodei discusses the future of U.S. AI leadership, the role of innovation in an era of strategic competition, and the outlook for frontier model development. The CEO Speaker series is a unique forum for leading global CEOs to share their insights on issues at the center of commerce and foreign policy, and to discuss the changing role of business globally. If you wish to attend virtually, log-in information and instructions on how to participate during the question and answer portion will be provided the evening before the event to those who register. Please note the audio, video, and transcript of this hybrid event will be posted on the CFR website.
Virtual Event with Dario Amodei and [Michael Froman](https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-froman) March 10, 2025
[United States](/americas/united-states)
[
Navigating the Gray Zone—Strategies to Address Hybrid Warfare
Play
](/event/navigating-gray-zone-strategies-address-hybrid-warfare )
Panelists discuss the rising threat of hybrid warfare, exploring the tactics used by hostile states, and effective strategies to counter these covert attacks. \*\*This is a virtual meeting through Zoom. Log-in information and instructions on how to participate during the question and answer portion will be provided the evening before the event to those who register. Please note the audio, video, and transcript of this virtual meeting will be posted on the CFR website.
Virtual Event with James Appathurai, [Max Boot](https://www.cfr.org/expert/max-boot), Linda S. Lourie and Christopher Isham March 10, 2025
[View All](/cfr-presents)
Experts in the News
-------------------
[Michael B.G. Froman](https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-froman)
[Link
Froman: Trump Is Already Seeing Diminishing Returns From Tariff Strategy
](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/13/us/politics/trump-manufacturing-economy-risk.html)
Via New York Times March 13, 2025
[Elise Labott](https://www.cfr.org/expert/elise-labott)
[Link
Labott: Trump Is Trying to Upend the Global Economic System
](https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/video/trump-downplays-recession-fears-as-canada-hits-u-s-with-retaliatory-tariffs-234235461947)
Via NBC News March 12, 2025
[Charles A. Kupchan](https://www.cfr.org/expert/charles-kupchan)
[Link
Kupchan: There Is Pressure on Putin to Agree to a Cease-Fire Proposal
](https://www.cbsnews.com/video/whats-next-after-ukraine-agrees-to-us-proposal-for-ceasefire-with-russia/)
Via CBS News March 11, 2025
[View All](/in-the-news)
Explainers
----------
[Women and Women's Rights](/human-rights/women-and-womens-rights)
[](/article/womens-power-index)
[Women and Women's Rights](/human-rights/women-and-womens-rights)
[Where Are Women Wielding Power?](/article/womens-power-index)
Interactive by [Linda Robinson](/expert/linda-robinson) and [Noël James](/bio/noel-james)
CFR’s Women’s Power Index ranks 193 UN member states on their progress toward gender parity in political participation. Find out where women around the world wield political power—and why it matters.
[](/article/world-faces-sharp-rise-extreme-weather-can-ai-help)
[Climate Change](/energy-and-environment/climate-change) [The World Faces a Sharp Rise in Extreme Weather. Can AI Help?](/article/world-faces-sharp-rise-extreme-weather-can-ai-help)
Article by [Alice C. Hill](/expert/alice-c-hill) and [Colin McCormick](/bio/colin-mccormick)
[](/article/why-six-countries-account-most-migrants-us-mexico-border)
[Immigration and Migration](/social-issues/immigration-and-migration) [Why Six Countries Account for Most Migrants at the U.S.-Mexico Border](/article/why-six-countries-account-most-migrants-us-mexico-border)
Immersive\_article\_layout by [Will Freeman](/expert/will-freeman), [Steven Holmes](/bio/steven-holmes) and [Sabine Baumgartner](/bio/sabine-baumgartner)
[](/article/ten-americas-how-geography-race-and-income-shape-us-life-expectancy)
[Health](/health) [How Geography, Race, and Income Shape U.S. Life Expectancy](/article/ten-americas-how-geography-race-and-income-shape-us-life-expectancy)
Article by [Thomas J. Bollyky](/expert/thomas-j-bollyky), [Laura Dwyer-Lindgren](/bio/laura-dwyer-lindgren), [Ali H. Mokdad](/bio/ali-h-mokdad) and [Chloe Searchinger](/bio/chloe-searchinger)
[View All](/explainers)
Expert Spotlight
----------------
[Inu Manak](/expert/inu-manak)
Fellow for Trade Policy
[Trade](/economics/trade) [Diplomacy and International Institutions](/diplomacy-and-international-institutions) [Treaties and Agreements](/diplomacy-and-international-institutions/treaties-and-agreements)
[
CBC News Network's Andrew Nichols speaks with trade policy expert Inu Manak
](https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.6672575)
Offsite Via CBC News March 5, 2025
[
Link
](https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.6672575)
[Thomas Graham](/expert/thomas-graham)
Distinguished Fellow
[Russia](/europe-and-eurasia/russia) [Europe and Eurasia](/europe-and-eurasia) [U.S. Foreign Policy](/us-foreign-policy)
[
Russia’s Peace Demands on Ukraine Have Not Budged
](/expert-brief/russias-peace-demands-ukraine-have-not-budged)
Expert Brief March 6, 2025
[](/expert-brief/russias-peace-demands-ukraine-have-not-budged)
[Lori Esposito Murray](/expert/lori-esposito-murray)
Senior Fellow for National Security and Managing Director of CEO Programs
[Nonproliferation, Arms Control, and Disarmament](/defense-and-security/nonproliferation-arms-control-and-disarmament) [Defense and Security](/defense-and-security) [Security Alliances](/defense-and-security/security-alliances)
[
Gaza: Can the World Find a Lasting Solution?
](https://www.conference-board.org/podcasts/c-suite-perspectives/Gaza-Can-the-World-Find-a-Lasting-Solution)
Offsite Via C-Suite Perspectives by The Conference Board February 13, 2025
[
Link
](https://www.conference-board.org/podcasts/c-suite-perspectives/Gaza-Can-the-World-Find-a-Lasting-Solution)
[Inu Manak](/expert/inu-manak)
Fellow for Trade Policy
[Trade](/economics/trade) [Diplomacy and International Institutions](/diplomacy-and-international-institutions) [Treaties and Agreements](/diplomacy-and-international-institutions/treaties-and-agreements)
[
CBC News Network's Andrew Nichols speaks with trade policy expert Inu Manak
](https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.6672575)
Offsite Via CBC News March 5, 2025
[
Link
](https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.6672575)
[Thomas Graham](/expert/thomas-graham)
Distinguished Fellow
[Russia](/europe-and-eurasia/russia) [Europe and Eurasia](/europe-and-eurasia) [U.S. Foreign Policy](/us-foreign-policy)
[
Russia’s Peace Demands on Ukraine Have Not Budged
](/expert-brief/russias-peace-demands-ukraine-have-not-budged)
Expert Brief March 6, 2025
[](/expert-brief/russias-peace-demands-ukraine-have-not-budged)
[Lori Esposito Murray](/expert/lori-esposito-murray)
Senior Fellow for National Security and Managing Director of CEO Programs
[Nonproliferation, Arms Control, and Disarmament](/defense-and-security/nonproliferation-arms-control-and-disarmament) [Defense and Security](/defense-and-security) [Security Alliances](/defense-and-security/security-alliances)
[
Gaza: Can the World Find a Lasting Solution?
](https://www.conference-board.org/podcasts/c-suite-perspectives/Gaza-Can-the-World-Find-a-Lasting-Solution)
Offsite Via C-Suite Perspectives by The Conference Board February 13, 2025
[
Link
](https://www.conference-board.org/podcasts/c-suite-perspectives/Gaza-Can-the-World-Find-a-Lasting-Solution)
[Inu Manak](/expert/inu-manak)
Fellow for Trade Policy
[Trade](/economics/trade) [Diplomacy and International Institutions](/diplomacy-and-international-institutions) [Treaties and Agreements](/diplomacy-and-international-institutions/treaties-and-agreements)
[
CBC News Network's Andrew Nichols speaks with trade policy expert Inu Manak
](https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.6672575)
Offsite Via CBC News March 5, 2025
[
Link
](https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.6672575)
[Thomas Graham](/expert/thomas-graham)
Distinguished Fellow
[Russia](/europe-and-eurasia/russia) [Europe and Eurasia](/europe-and-eurasia) [U.S. Foreign Policy](/us-foreign-policy)
[
Russia’s Peace Demands on Ukraine Have Not Budged
](/expert-brief/russias-peace-demands-ukraine-have-not-budged)
Expert Brief March 6, 2025
[](/expert-brief/russias-peace-demands-ukraine-have-not-budged)
[Lori Esposito Murray](/expert/lori-esposito-murray)
Senior Fellow for National Security and Managing Director of CEO Programs
[Nonproliferation, Arms Control, and Disarmament](/defense-and-security/nonproliferation-arms-control-and-disarmament) [Defense and Security](/defense-and-security) [Security Alliances](/defense-and-security/security-alliances)
[
Gaza: Can the World Find a Lasting Solution?
](https://www.conference-board.org/podcasts/c-suite-perspectives/Gaza-Can-the-World-Find-a-Lasting-Solution)
Offsite Via C-Suite Perspectives by The Conference Board February 13, 2025
[
Link
](https://www.conference-board.org/podcasts/c-suite-perspectives/Gaza-Can-the-World-Find-a-Lasting-Solution)
[Inu Manak](/expert/inu-manak)
Fellow for Trade Policy
[Trade](/economics/trade) [Diplomacy and International Institutions](/diplomacy-and-international-institutions) [Treaties and Agreements](/diplomacy-and-international-institutions/treaties-and-agreements)
[
CBC News Network's Andrew Nichols speaks with trade policy expert Inu Manak
](https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.6672575)
Offsite Via CBC News March 5, 2025
[
Link
](https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.6672575)
[Thomas Graham](/expert/thomas-graham)
Distinguished Fellow
[Russia](/europe-and-eurasia/russia) [Europe and Eurasia](/europe-and-eurasia) [U.S. Foreign Policy](/us-foreign-policy)
[
Russia’s Peace Demands on Ukraine Have Not Budged
](/expert-brief/russias-peace-demands-ukraine-have-not-budged)
Expert Brief March 6, 2025
[](/expert-brief/russias-peace-demands-ukraine-have-not-budged)
[Lori Esposito Murray](/expert/lori-esposito-murray)
Senior Fellow for National Security and Managing Director of CEO Programs
[Nonproliferation, Arms Control, and Disarmament](/defense-and-security/nonproliferation-arms-control-and-disarmament) [Defense and Security](/defense-and-security) [Security Alliances](/defense-and-security/security-alliances)
[
Gaza: Can the World Find a Lasting Solution?
](https://www.conference-board.org/podcasts/c-suite-perspectives/Gaza-Can-the-World-Find-a-Lasting-Solution)
Offsite Via C-Suite Perspectives by The Conference Board February 13, 2025
[
Link
](https://www.conference-board.org/podcasts/c-suite-perspectives/Gaza-Can-the-World-Find-a-Lasting-Solution)
[Inu Manak](/expert/inu-manak)
Fellow for Trade Policy
[Trade](/economics/trade) [Diplomacy and International Institutions](/diplomacy-and-international-institutions) [Treaties and Agreements](/diplomacy-and-international-institutions/treaties-and-agreements)
[
CBC News Network's Andrew Nichols speaks with trade policy expert Inu Manak
](https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.6672575)
Offsite Via CBC News March 5, 2025
[
Link
](https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.6672575)
[Thomas Graham](/expert/thomas-graham)
Distinguished Fellow
[Russia](/europe-and-eurasia/russia) [Europe and Eurasia](/europe-and-eurasia) [U.S. Foreign Policy](/us-foreign-policy)
[
Russia’s Peace Demands on Ukraine Have Not Budged
](/expert-brief/russias-peace-demands-ukraine-have-not-budged)
Expert Brief March 6, 2025
[](/expert-brief/russias-peace-demands-ukraine-have-not-budged)
[Lori Esposito Murray](/expert/lori-esposito-murray)
Senior Fellow for National Security and Managing Director of CEO Programs
[Nonproliferation, Arms Control, and Disarmament](/defense-and-security/nonproliferation-arms-control-and-disarmament) [Defense and Security](/defense-and-security) [Security Alliances](/defense-and-security/security-alliances)
[
Gaza: Can the World Find a Lasting Solution?
](https://www.conference-board.org/podcasts/c-suite-perspectives/Gaza-Can-the-World-Find-a-Lasting-Solution)
Offsite Via C-Suite Perspectives by The Conference Board February 13, 2025
[
Link
](https://www.conference-board.org/podcasts/c-suite-perspectives/Gaza-Can-the-World-Find-a-Lasting-Solution)
[View All](/experts)
Featured Publications
---------------------
[International Law](/diplomacy-and-international-institutions/international-law)
[Eastward, Westward](/book/eastward-westward )
Few Americans have done more than Jerome A. Cohen to advance the rule of law in East Asia. The founder of the study of Chinese law in the United States and a tireless advocate for human rights, Cohen has been a scholar, teacher, lawyer, and activist for more than sixty years. Moving among the United States, China, and Taiwan, he has encouraged legal reforms, promoted economic cooperation, mentored law students—including a future president of Taiwan—and brokered international crises. In this compelling, conversational memoir, Cohen recounts a dramatic life of striving for a better world from Washington, DC, to Beijing, offering vital first-hand insights from the study and practice of Sino-American relations. In the early 1960s, when Americans were not permitted to enter China, he met with émigrés in Hong Kong and interviewed them on Chinese criminal procedure. After economic reform under Deng Xiaoping, Cohen’s knowledge of Chinese law took on a new importance as foreign companies began to pursue business opportunities. Helping China develop and reconstruct its legal system, he made an influential case for the roles of Western law and lawyers. Cohen helped break political barriers in both China and Taiwan, and he was instrumental in securing the release of political prisoners in several countries. Sharing these experiences and many others, this book tells the full story of an unparalleled career bridging East and West.
Book by [Jerome A. Cohen](/expert/jerome-cohen) March 4, 2025
[Public Health Threats and Pandemics](/health/public-health-threats-and-pandemics)
[When the World Closed Its Doors](/book/when-world-closed-its-doors )
A detailed exploration of the most sweeping government border closures in human history during the COVID-19 pandemic and the implications for the future of global mobility.
Book by [Edward Alden](/expert/edward-alden) and Laurie Trautman January 7, 2025
[United States](/americas/united-states)
[Reagan](/book/reagan )
Son of the Midwest, movie star, and mesmerizing politician—America’s fortieth president comes to three-dimensional life in this gripping and profoundly revisionist biography.
Book by [Max Boot](/expert/max-boot) September 10, 2024
[View All](/publications)