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FEATURED
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### [How Changes in Economic Conditions Might Affect the Federal Budget: 2025 to 2035](/publication/61198)
To show how variations in economic conditions might affect its budget projections, CBO analyzed how revenues, outlays, and deficits might change if the values of key economic variables differed from those in the agency’s forecast. To do so, CBO generated four economic scenarios that would result in larger budget deficits. In isolation, each of those scenarios would cause the cumulative deficit for the 2026–2035 period to be larger than it is in CBO’s baseline projections—by an amount between $184 billion and $388 billion. (The total deficit projected for that period is $21.8 trillion.)
* [CBO Explains Common Sources of Uncertainty in Cost Estimates for Legislation](/publication/60984)
* [Additional Information About the Economic Outlook: 2025 to 2035](/publication/61135)
* [Atlas of Military Compensation, 2024](/publication/60886)
* [Unemployment Insurance: Budgetary History and Projections](/publication/60776)
* [The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2025 to 2035](/publication/60870)
* [How CBO Supports the Congress](/publication/61141)
[Browse All Publications](/most-recent)
CBO EXPLAINED AND RESOURCES FOR THE CONGRESS
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[An Introduction to CBO](/publication/60869)
[10 Things to Know About CBO](/about/10-things-to-know)
[Upcoming Releases](/about/press-center)
[Transparency](/about/transparency)
[CBO Explains How It Develops the Budget Baseline](/publication/58916)
[CBO Describes Its Cost-Estimating Process](/publication/59003)
[CBO's Cost Estimates Explained](/publication/56166)
[Common Budgetary Terms Explained](/publication/57420)
[CBO Explains Budgetary Scorekeeping Guidelines](/publication/56507)
[The Statutory Pay-As-You Go Act and the Role of the Congress](/publication/56506)
MAJOR RECURRING REPORTS
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[View All](about/products/major-recurring-reports)
PreviousNext
[
](/publication/61198)
### [How Changes in Economic Conditions Might Affect the Federal Budget: 2025 to 2035](/publication/61198)
[
](/publication/61196)
### [Monthly Budget Review: February 2025](/publication/61196)
[
](/publication/61197)
### [Legislation Enacted in the Second Session of the 118th Congress That Affects Mandatory Spending or Revenues](/publication/61197)
[
](/publication/61135)
### [Additional Information About the Economic Outlook: 2025 to 2035](/publication/61135)
[
](/publication/60871)
### [Expired and Expiring Authorizations of Appropriations: 2025 Preliminary Report](/publication/60871)
[
](/publication/61044)
### [CBO’s Recent Publications and Work in Progress as of December 31, 2024](/publication/61044)
[
](/publication/60875)
### [The Demographic Outlook: 2025 to 2055](/publication/60875)
[
](/publication/60885)
### [The Accuracy of CBO’s Budget Projections for Fiscal Year 2024](/publication/60885)
[
](/publication/60732)
### [An Analysis of the Navy’s 2025 Shipbuilding Plan](/publication/60732)
[
](/publication/60557)
### [Options for Reducing the Deficit: 2025 to 2034](/publication/60557)
[
](/publication/60884)
### [CBO’s Projections of Federal Receipts and Expenditures in the National Income and Product Accounts: 2025 to 2034](/publication/60884)
[
](/publication/60665)
### [Long-Term Implications of the 2025 Future Years Defense Program](/publication/60665)
[
](/publication/60662)
### [Effects of Automatic Stabilizers on the Federal Budget: 2024 to 2034](/publication/60662)
[
](/publication/60438)
### [An Analysis of the President’s 2025 Budget](/publication/60438)
[
](/publication/60341)
### [The Distribution of Household Income in 2021](/publication/60341)
[
](/publication/60517)
### [Estimates of the Cost of Federal Credit Programs in 2025](/publication/60517)
[
](/publication/60392)
### [CBO’s 2024 Long-Term Projections for Social Security](/publication/60392)
[
](/publication/60382)
### [Sequestration Update Report: August 2024](/publication/60382)
[
](/publication/59975)
### [Transparency at CBO: Plans for 2024 and a Review of 2023](/publication/59975)
[
](/publication/59919)
### [Final Report on the Troubled Asset Relief Program](/publication/59919)
[
](/publication/59698)
### [The Congressional Budget Office’s Request for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2025](/publication/59698)
[
](/publication/59711)
### [The Long-Term Budget Outlook: 2024 to 2054](/publication/59711)
[
](/publication/59696)
### [The U.S. Military’s Force Structure: Fiscal Year 2024 Update to Personnel Numbers and Costs](/publication/59696)
[
](/publication/59273)
### [Federal Subsidies for Health Insurance: 2023 to 2033](/publication/59273)
[
](/publication/59054)
### [Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2023 to 2032](/publication/59054)
[
](/publication/59078)
### [CBO’s Economic Forecasting Record: 2023 Update](/publication/59078)
[
](/publication/59130)
### [Federal Debt and the Statutory Limit, May 2023](/publication/59130)
[
](/publication/55347)
### [Federal Mandatory Spending for Means-Tested Programs, 2009 to 2029](/publication/55347)
[
](/publication/54539)
### [Public Spending on Transportation and Water Infrastructure, 1956 to 2017](/publication/54539)
[
](/publication/50051)
### [A Review of CBO’s Activities in 2014 Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act](/publication/50051)
[
](/publication/49958)
### [Estimated Impact of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act on Employment and Economic Output in 2014](/publication/49958)
TOPICS
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[View All](topics)
* [Budget](topics/budget)
* [Economy](/topics/economy)
* [Health Care](topics/health-care)
* [Taxes](topics/taxes)
Most Recent
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* [All](#blocktabs-most_recent-1)
* [Cost Estimates](#blocktabs-most_recent-2)
* [Reports](#blocktabs-most_recent-3)
* [Presentations](#blocktabs-most_recent-4)
* Cost Estimate
[H.R. 1000, Providing Individuals Various Opportunities for Technical Training to Build a Skills-Based Cyber Workforce Act of 2025](/publication/61234)
March 13, 2025
* Interactive
[Workbook for How Changes in Economic Conditions Might Affect the Federal Budget: 2025 to 2035](/publication/61183)
March 13, 2025
* Report
[How Changes in Economic Conditions Might Affect the Federal Budget: 2025 to 2035](/publication/61198)
March 12, 2025
* Presentation
[Effects of Federal Borrowing on Interest Rates and Treasury Markets](/publication/61230)
March 11, 2025
* Cost Estimate
[H.R. 1968, Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025](/publication/61248)
March 11, 2025
[Browse All Publications](/most-recent)
* [H.R. 1000, Providing Individuals Various Opportunities for Technical Training to Build a Skills-Based Cyber Workforce Act of 2025](/publication/61234)
March 13, 2025
* [H.R. 1968, Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025](/publication/61248)
March 11, 2025
* [H. Con. Res. 9, a concurrent resolution authorizing the use of the Capitol Grounds for the National Peace Officers Memorial Service and the National Honor Guard and Pipe Band Exhibition](/publication/61246)
March 10, 2025
* [H.R. 1048, DETERRENT Act](/publication/61244)
March 10, 2025
* [H.R. 302, Water Rights Protection Act](/publication/61247)
March 10, 2025
[Browse All Publications](/most-recent)
* [How Changes in Economic Conditions Might Affect the Federal Budget: 2025 to 2035](/publication/61198)
March 12, 2025
* [Testimony on the Navy’s 2025 Shipbuilding Plan and Its Implications for the Shipbuilding Industrial Base](/publication/61218)
March 11, 2025
* [Monthly Budget Review: February 2025](/publication/61196)
March 10, 2025
* [Legislation Enacted in the Second Session of the 118th Congress That Affects Mandatory Spending or Revenues](/publication/61197)
March 7, 2025
* [Mandatory Spending Under the Jurisdiction of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce](/publication/61235)
March 5, 2025
[Browse All Publications](/most-recent)
* [Effects of Federal Borrowing on Interest Rates and Treasury Markets](/publication/61230)
March 11, 2025
* [Sensitivity of the Distribution of Household Income to Capital Gains, 1979 to 2021](/publication/61046)
March 6, 2025
* [Public Spending on Transportation and Water Infrastructure, 1956 to 2023](/publication/60874)
February 26, 2025
* [The 2025 Outlook for Navy Shipbuilding](/publication/60873)
January 8, 2025
* [Shipbuilding, the Congress, and the Shipbuilding Industrial Base](/publication/60772)
December 11, 2024
[Browse All Publications](/most-recent)
DATA
----
* [Budget and Economic Data](/data/budget-economic-data)
* [Baseline Projections for Selected Programs](/data/baseline-projections-selected-programs)
* [Estimates of the President's Budget Proposals](/data/estimate-presidents-budget-proposals)
* [Publications with Data Files](/data/publications-with-data-files)
QUICK LINKS
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* [10 Things to Know](about/10-things-to-know) | [Intro to CBO](/publication/60869 "An Introduction to the Congressional Budget Office")
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* [Budget Infographics](/publication/59727)
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ABOUT CBO
---------
CBO is strictly nonpartisan; conducts objective, impartial analysis; and hires its employees solely on the basis of professional competence without regard to political affiliation. CBO does not make policy recommendations, and each report and cost estimate summarizes the methodology underlying the analysis.
[Read more about us](about/overview)
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